A brief history of Turkey

Aşıklı Tumulus, Aksaray – Turkey

These lands in Anatolia have been settled since 12500 years. The oldest settlement belongs to Old .Stone Age (paleolithic Age) and it dates back B.C. 10500 and it is found in Göbeklitepe in Şanlıurfa. New Stone Age settlements are seen in Diyarbakır Çayönü, Konya Çatalhöyük and Burdur Hacılar between B.C. 8000-55000 years. Anatolia had Copper Age between B.C 5500-3000 years and Bronze Age between B.C 3000-1200 years and Iron Age between B.C. 1200-750 years.

We know about Hatti Civilization, which is the first known civilization in Anatolia from sources of Hittite, establishing the first state in Anatolia between B.C. 1660 and B.C 1190 years and having capital city, named as Hattusas. Script is used in Anatolia firstly in the period of Assyrian Trading colonies (B.C. 1950-1750) . Hittites also start to use the script as of 1600 and becomes the first state, using the script as of 1600 and becomes the first state with capital city, named as Gordion and with the headquarter in the triangle of Afyon, Eskisehir, Ankara between B.C. 750-300 years. We see Urartu Civilazations are seen between B.Cç 700-300. Various states and kingdoms reign in Anatolia between B.C 323-30 years. Romans, existing in Anatolia since B.C. 2nd Century, have control over Anatolia completely beginning from B.C. 30 years. After Roman Empire was divided in A.D 395, we see East Roman Empire in Anatolia. Central Asian Turks start to come to Anatolia by beginning from middle of 9th century. We see that Anatolian Seljuk State is established in 1299  with capital city, named as Nicaea, and Ottoman Beylic is established in 1299 with capital city, named as Söğüt. Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantine) goes out of existence in 1453, Anatolian Seljuk State goes out of existence in 1308 and Ottoman Empire goes out of existence in 1922. Republic of Turkey State was established in Anatolia and Thrace territories since 1923.

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