Guardians of the Bosphorus: The History and Mystery of Garipçe and Poyrazköy Castles

Where the Black Sea meets the Bosphorus Strait, two historic fortresses stand as silent sentinels. On the European shore, Garipçe Castle (Garipçe Kalesi), and opposite it, on the Asian shore, Poyrazköy Castle (Poyrazköy Kalesi). These structures, though now showing only vestiges of their former glory, were key pieces in the Ottoman Empire’s defense, designed to protect the strategic northern entrance of the Bosphorus.

A Strategic Design for Turbulent Times

The construction of both castles is primarily attributed to the reign of Ottoman Sultan Mustafa III (1757-1774). This period was marked by constant tensions with the Russian Empire, making the fortification of key Bosphorus points imperative. It’s believed that the French military engineer François Baron de Tott, an influential figure in the modernization of the Ottoman army, played a fundamental role in their design and construction around 1778. De Tott was known for his expertise in artillery and fortifications, and his influence is evident in the layout and function of these strongholds.

The primary objective of Garipçe and Poyrazköy was clear: to control and protect the northern entrance of the Bosphorus from the Black Sea. They functioned as a coordinated defensive system, forming a “pincer” that could block any hostile fleet attempting to enter Istanbul’s waters. This strategic role continued for centuries, and even into the 20th century, both castles were used by the Turkish Armed Forces, underscoring their military importance over time.

Garipçe Castle: From Abandonment to a Promising Future

Garipçe Castle (Garipçe Kalesi) stands in the picturesque village of the same name. While some sources suggest an earlier Genoese construction in the 15th century, most of the current structure dates from the 18th century. Its design features a somewhat irregular rectangular plan, adapting to the terrain of the small promontory where it sits.

Over the years, the castle’s above-ground structure has suffered considerable deterioration. However, its charm lies in the several underground casemates that are still preserved and can be explored, offering a fascinating glimpse into military life of the era. Unfortunately, Garipçe endured a period of neglect, even being used as a parking lot and a dump. Fortunately, in recent years there has been growing interest in its recovery. Cleanup efforts have begun, and there are concrete plans to revitalize it and transform it into an important tourist attraction, restoring it to its rightful glory.

The castle’s location is unbeatable, offering panoramic views of the imposing Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, the winding Bosphorus, and the vast Black Sea. Near the fortress is Garipçe Tower, a circular watchtower on an adjacent hill, which complements the spectacular views. The village of Garipçe, with its charming traditional houses and renowned seafood restaurants, has become a favorite destination for Istanbul residents seeking a peaceful getaway where history blends with natural beauty.

Poyrazköy Castle: The Hidden Sentinel

Opposite Garipçe, on the Asian coast, lies Poyrazköy Castle (Poyrazköy Kalesi). Like its European counterpart, this castle was conceived as part of the same Ottoman defensive system.

Poyrazköy’s architecture differs notably from Garipçe’s. Much of the structure is underground, giving it more the appearance of an early 20th-century fort or bunker, with smaller, more discreet stone and brick constructions on the surface resembling watchtowers. This characteristic likely reflected a more evolved design for coastal defense.

Currently, access to the interior of Poyrazköy Castle is restricted, as the site is fenced off. Despite this limitation, its elevated position above the village of Poyrazköy’s harbor offers strategic views of the Bosphorus and a unique perspective of the Yavuz Sultan Selim Bridge, whose right pillar majestically rises on this shore.

Poyrazköy is now a picturesque and tranquil fishing village in the Beykoz district, known for its natural harbor and clean beaches. For a long time, the presence of restricted military zones limited its tourist development. However, with the easing of these restrictions, Poyrazköy is emerging as a popular destination for nature lovers, local cuisine enthusiasts, and those seeking a respite from the city’s frantic pace.

An Enduring Legacy

Garipçe and Poyrazköy Castles are more than just ruins; they are witnesses to centuries of Ottoman history and the tireless struggle to protect the vital waters of the Bosphorus. Their existence is a reminder of Istanbul’s strategic importance as a gateway between continents. As Garipçe prepares for its tourist rebirth and Poyrazköy continues to reveal its coastal charm, both castles offer a unique opportunity to connect with the military past and enjoy the natural beauty of one of the world’s most fascinating straits.